11/20/2023 0 Comments Types of grids and flyrailsZhan Tianyou, the "father of China's railways"īy 1911, there were about 9,000 km (5,592 mi) of railroads in China, mostly designed, built, owned and operated by foreign companies. Beginning in 1895, the government began to grant rail concessions to foreigners, and permitted direct connection to the capital Beijing. Until the defeat of China in the First Sino-Japanese War, the government remained hostile toward railway construction. This was also built by the British, without approval from the Qing government, which had the line dismantled one year later. The first railroad to enter commercial service was the Woosung railway, a 9.25 mi (14.89 km) railway from Shanghai to Woosung (modern Shanghai's Baoshan District) which opened in 1876. The Qing government was uninterested and had the line dismantled. The first recorded railway track to be laid in China was a 600-metre (1,969 ft)-long miniature gauge demonstration line that a British merchant assembled outside the Xuanwumen city gate at Beijing in 1865 to demonstrate rail technology. Main article: History of rail transport in China Qing dynasty (1876–1911) The opening of the short-lived Woosung Road, the first railway in China, between Shanghai and Wusong in 1876. China built 9,000 km of new railway in 2015. ĭriven by need to increase freight capacity, the railway network has expanded with the country budgeting $130.4 billion for railway investment in 2014, and has a long-term plan to expand the network to 274,000 km (170,000 mi) by 2050. The three figures surged 41 percent (from 10.6 to 14.9 billion), 152 percent (from 3.6 to 9 billion) and decreased 16 percent (from 7 to 5.9 billion) from those during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, respectively. ĭuring the five years 2016–2020, China's railway network handled 14.9 billion passenger trips, 9 billion of which were completed by bullet trains, the remaining 5.9 billion by conventional rail. Freight traffic turnover has increased more than fivefold over the period 1980–2013 and passenger traffic turnover has increased more than sevenfold over the same period. In 2019, railways in China delivered 3.660 billion passenger trips, generating 1,470.66 billion passenger-kilometres and carried 4.389 billion tonnes of freight, generating 3,018 billion cargo tonne-kilometres. It was converted into a joint-stock company and placed under the control of the Ministry of Finance in June 2019.Ĭhina's railways are the busiest in the world. Īlmost all rail operations are handled by the China State Railway Group Company, Limited, a state-owned company created in March 2013 (as China Railway Corporation) after the dissolution of the Ministry of Railways. By the end of 2022, China had more than 42,000 kilometres (26,098 miles) of high-speed rail (HSR), the longest HSR network in the world. As of 2021, the country had more than 155,000 km (96,313 mi) of railways, the second longest network in the world. Rail transport is an important mode of long-distance transportation in China. China State Railway Group Company, Limitedġ,470.66 billion passenger-kilometres (2014) ġ,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1⁄ 2 in) standard gauge
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